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Breast examination is an important practice for early detection of breast abnormalities, including lumps, changes in breast tissue, or signs of breast cancer. It can be performed in three main ways: self-examination, clinical breast examination, and imaging techniques (e.g., mammography). 1. Breast Self-Examination (BSE) Purpose: To become familiar with the normal look and feel of your breasts, so you can detect any unusual changes early. When to Do It: Best done a few days after your menstrual period ends, when breasts are least tender. For postmenopausal women, choose a consistent day each month. Steps for Breast Self-Examination: Visual Examination: Stand in front of a mirror with your arms at your sides, then raise them above your head. Look for changes in breast size, shape, skin texture (dimpling, puckering), or nipple changes (inversion, discharge). Check for redness, rash, or swelling. Palpation While Standing or Sitting: Use the pads of your three middle fingers to examine each breast. Apply light, medium, and firm pressure to feel all layers of tissue. Follow a systematic pattern: Circular motion: Move fingers in small circles from the outer edge toward the nipple. Vertical strip pattern: Move fingers up and down across the breast. Spokes-on-a-wheel: Start at the nipple and move outward in straight lines. Palpation While Lying Down: Lie on your back and place a pillow under the shoulder of the side being examined. Use the opposite hand to palpate the breast, following the same patterns as standing. Don’t forget to check the armpit area (axillary region) for lumps. 2. Clinical Breast Examination (CBE) Purpose: Performed by a healthcare provider to detect abnormalities that might not be noticeable during self-examination. Frequency: Every 1-3 years for women aged 20-39. Annually for women aged 40 and above. What Happens During CBE: The healthcare provider visually inspects the breasts and palpates them, including the axillary and collarbone areas. They may ask about any symptoms or concerns, such as pain or recent changes. 3. Mammography and Imaging Purpose: Imaging tests are essential for early detection of breast cancer, even before symptoms appear. Types: Mammogram: X-ray imaging of the breasts. Recommended every 1-2 years starting at age 40-50 (depending on individual risk). Ultrasound: Used to evaluate lumps or areas of concern detected in mammograms, especially in dense breasts. MRI: Recommended for high-risk individuals, such as those with a strong family history of breast cancer or genetic mutations (e.g., BRCA1/BRCA2). Signs to Look Out For: Lumps or thickened tissue. Changes in breast size, shape, or symmetry. Dimpling, puckering, or changes in skin texture. Nipple discharge (especially bloody or clear fluid). Nipple inversion or changes in position. Persistent pain in one area of the breast. Swelling, redness, or warmth.

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